Semaglutide Get

Semaglutide References: The Peer-Reviewed Sources, with DOIs

About these sources

Every quantitative claim on this site about semaglutide maps to one of the numbered references below — pivotal randomized trials (STEP, SUSTAIN, SELECT, FLOW, SURMOUNT-5, ESSENCE), mechanistic studies of the brain appetite circuits, pharmacokinetic and safety reviews, and pharmacovigilance analyses. Each entry lists the title, authors, journal, year, and a DOI or PubMed/NCBI link so any figure can be checked at its source. These are summaries of published research, not medical advice.

  1. Wilding JPH, et al. (STEP 1 Study Group). Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021. ↗
  2. Marso SP, et al. (SUSTAIN-6 Investigators). Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016. ↗
  3. Lincoff AM, et al. (SELECT Trial Investigators). Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023. ↗
  4. Gabery S, et al. Semaglutide lowers body weight in rodents via distributed neural pathways. JCI Insight. 2020. ↗
  5. Smits MM, Van Raalte DH. Safety of Semaglutide. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021. ↗
  6. Perkovic V, et al. (FLOW Trial Committees and Investigators). Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024. ↗
  7. Aronne LJ, et al. (SURMOUNT-5 Investigators). Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
  8. Singh I, et al. Time and metabolic state-dependent effects of GLP-1R agonists on NPY/AgRP and POMC neuronal activity in vivo. Mol Metab. 2021. ↗
  9. Secher A, et al. The arcuate nucleus mediates GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide-dependent weight loss. J Clin Invest. 2014. ↗
  10. Frias JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2.0 mg versus 1.0 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN FORTE). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021. ↗
  11. Mahapatra MK, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Semaglutide, a Newer GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Abating Obesity, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharm Res. 2022. ↗
  12. Spotlight on the Mechanism of Action of Semaglutide. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024. ↗
  13. Mahapatra MK, Karuppasamy M, Sahoo BM. Semaglutide. StatPearls [Internet]. 2024. ↗
  14. Wharton S, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022. ↗
  15. A real-world disproportionality analysis of semaglutide: Post-marketing pharmacovigilance data. J Diabetes Investig. 2024. ↗
  16. Assessment of Thyroid Carcinogenic Risk and Safety Profile of GLP1-RA: A Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. ↗
  17. McCrimmon RJ, et al. Impact of Semaglutide on Body Composition in Adults With Overweight or Obesity. J Endocr Soc. 2021. ↗
  18. Wilding JPH, et al. Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022. ↗
  19. Rubino D, et al. Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity (STEP 4). JAMA. 2021. ↗
  20. Alopecia associated with the use of semaglutide and tirzepatide: A disproportionality analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2025. ↗
  21. Telogen Effluvium Associated With Weight Loss: A Single Center Retrospective Study. Ann Dermatol. 2024. ↗
  22. Aroda VR, et al. Current Understanding of Sodium N-(8-[2-Hydroxylbenzoyl] Amino) Caprylate (SNAC) as an Absorption Enhancer: The Oral Semaglutide Experience. Clin Diabetes. 2023. ↗
  23. Au Yeung SL, et al. Drug-Drug Interactions Between Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Oral Medications: A Systematic Review. Drug Saf. 2024. ↗
  24. Sanyal AJ, et al. (ESSENCE Study Group). Phase 3 Trial of Semaglutide in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗